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Since the intense and sophisticated debates of the 1970s and 1980s, the notion of capitalist exploitation had been on the wane for several decades. Some of the main protagonists of these debates, the analytical marxists, such as John Roemer and Gerald A. Cohen, abandoned the concept at this time, eventually finding it more reasonable to merge their thinking into the framework of theories of justice — where it remained possible to defend an egalitarian position. The term exploitation is still used by activists, trade unionists or critical-minded citizens, in relation to the workers whose work is the most arduous, the most poorly paid, the least regulated by law, in the global South but also within rich countries. But this use is seldom anchored in a rigorous theory. In philosophy, it is the moral use of the term exploitation that has mostly been studied during this period, focusing on individual behavior rather than on institutions.In recent years, however, conceptual research on capitalist exploitation has resumed in several countries, among economists and philosophers alike. Nicholas Vrousalis has been one of the actors of this revival — along with Fleurbaey 2014, Renault 2015, Veneziani & Yoshihara 2018, and special issues on the concept from the Cahiers d’économie politique and Actuel Marx in 2018, from the Review of Social Economy in 2019 with many remarkable contributions. A disciple of G. A. Cohen, to whom his previous book was dedicated, Vrousalis compiles and articulates in this new book…